Who can act as the Joint Fires Observer (JFO) or JTAC in joint operations?

• A. A civilian with security clearance
• B. A pilot with no training
• C. A qualified JTAC or JFO who coordinates and directs fires
• D. Any soldier who can coordinate fires

Answer: (C)

In joint operations, the role of the JFO or JTAC is filled by someone who is formally qualified and designated to coordinate and direct fires. This person has specific training in call-for-fire procedures, terminal attack control for air assets, air-ground deconfliction, and the rules of engagement. Their authority comes from that training and designation, not from clearance alone or general experience.

That combination of qualification and designation makes them uniquely capable of integrating fires from air and ground, verifying targets, and ensuring safe, precise delivery while avoiding fratricide or collateral damage. A civilian with clearance lacks the military authority and training; a pilot with no training lacks the necessary control and procedures; and any soldier who can coordinate fires isn’t guaranteed to be qualified or authorized to control fires, which is essential for safe and effective joint fires.